2006-2008年全国伤害监测儿童病例分布特征分析

Distribution of children cases in the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System, 2006 - 2008

目的 了解中国儿童伤害门急诊就诊病例的分布特点.方法 对2006-2008年因伤害首次在全国伤害监测系统哨点医院门急诊室就诊的儿童病例进行描述性分析.结果 2006-2008年全国伤害监测儿童病例男童是女童的2倍以上（2.22、2.15、2.15）,伤害病例以5～14岁年龄组为主（50.74%、49.75%、49.75%）.3年中儿童伤害主要发生原因为跌倒/坠落（44.14%、45.68%、47.15%）、道路交通伤害（15.71%、14.46%、13.79%）和钝器伤（13.20%、12.92%、12.40%）.各年度儿童伤害主要发生地点为家中（34.96%、36.86%、38.84%）、学校与公共场所（24.72%、19.80%、21.19%）、公路/街道（21.21%、19.63%、19.33%）.各年度主要伤害部位为头部（34.88%、35.84%、37.07%）、上肢（28.00%、28.21%、27.81%）、下肢（21.86%、21.49%、21.31%）;以非故意伤害（93.01%、92.66%、90.58%）、轻度伤害（78.50%、81.20%、81.52%）、接受治疗后回家为主（82.37%、85.19%、84.84%）.不同年龄儿童伤害发生原因、地点、部位等分布差异较大.结论 中国伤害监测系统收集的儿童伤害就诊病例的伤害原因、地点等特征与儿童年龄密切相关,且与儿童伤害死亡谱存在较大差异.

Objective To understand the pattern of children injuries treated in hospitals and to provide evidence for its further prevention and control. Methods Data of children cases was descriptively analyzed from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System （NISS）, from 2006 to 2008. Results The incidence rates of boys were twice （2.22,2.15,2.15 ） higher than girls. About one half （50.74% ,49.75% ,49.75%） of them were 5-14 year of age. The main causes were falls （44.14%,45.68%, 47.15% ）, RTIs （15.71%, 14.46%, 13.79% ）, and blunt force injuries （13.20%, 12.92%,12.40% ）. Main locations where the injuries happened were at home （34.96%, 36.86%, 38.84% ）,school and public places （24.72%, 19.80%,21.19%） ,and road/street （21.21%, 19.63%, 19.33%）. The major injured body parts were head （34.88%, 35.84%, 37.07% ）, upper limbs （28.00%, 28.21%,27.81% ） and lower limbs （21.86%, 21.49%, 21.31% ）. The majority cases were unintentional （93.01%, 92.66%, 90.58% ）, minor （78.50%, 81.20%, 81.52% ） injuries, treated and discharged （82.37%, 85.19%, 84.84% ）. There were considerable differences in the distributions of causes,locations, injured body parts, and other contexts depending on age. Conclusion The pattern of children＇ s injury would include causes, places and other characteristics treated at hospitals from NISS and was related to the age of the injured child which was quite different from the spectrum of death caused by injury. NISS acts as an important source of information on children＇s injury in China, and can contribute to the prevention and control program on children＇ s injury.