钱塘江河口治理与河口健康

Regulation of Qiantang Estuary and its health

钱塘江河口潮强流急,浪潮汹涌,河床宽浅,海域外来沙丰富,泥沙易冲易淤,主槽摆动频繁,河床冲淤幅度很大。20世纪60年代以来,对钱塘江河口进行了治理。分析了流域建库和治江缩窄后钱塘江河口水沙和河床等河口自然属性的变化,以及因河口自然属性变化带来的河口社会属性如防洪御潮、水资源、岸线资源、航运资源、涌潮景观、古海塘、滩涂资源等的影响。结果表明,治理后钱塘江河口的健康程度大大改善。

The Qiantang Estuary, a macro-tide estuary, has swift tidal flow and turbulent tidal bore. The estuary is wide and shallow, with rich of fine highly movable sediment from seawards, quite large and rapid variation amplitude of the riverbed, and frequently swinging main channels. Since 1960s, the estuary regulation has been undertaken by building reservoirs in the river basin and narrowing river. It analyzes the changes of the estuarine natural property in this paper, such as the runoff, tide, sediment and riverbed after the estuary regulation, and then studies the variations of the estuarine social property such as flood control and protection against the tide, water resources, coastal resources, shipping resource, bore landscape, ancient seawall, mudflat resources due to the changes of the estuarine nature property. The research results demonstrated that the health of the estuary had been improved greatly after the regulation.