变应性鼻炎模型气道Th1和Th2失衡的研究

Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance in airway of rat models with allergic rhinitis

目的：通过对大鼠变应性鼻炎模型上、下气道Th1和Th2失衡的研究，探讨上、下气道炎症反应的相关性及其机制。方法：以卵蛋白为致敏原建立大鼠变应性鼻炎模型。HE染色观察鼻黏膜和肺组织的病理学改变；免疫组化检测鼻黏膜和肺组织中IL-5和IFN-1的表达；以酶联免疫吸附测定法（enzyme—linked immunosorbentassay，ELISA）检测支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchialalveoluslavagefluid，BALF）中IL-5和IFN-γ的水平。结果：变应性鼻炎大鼠模型组鼻黏膜和肺组织有明显炎症细胞浸润。模型组鼻黏膜和肺组织IL-5的表达明显高于对照组，并且和嗜酸性粒细胞的数量呈正相关。模型组鼻黏膜和肺组织IFN-γ的表达低于对照组。模型组BALF中IL-5的含量高于对照组，而IFN-γ的含量低于对照组。结论：变应性鼻炎大鼠上、下气道有Th1和Th2的失衡，鼻的变应性炎症不仅导致鼻黏膜局部的病理学和免疫组织学的改变，同时还引起下气道的炎症反应。

Objective：To investigate the Thl/Th2 cytokine imbalance in the upper and lower airways of allergic rhinitis rats, in order to explore the correlation between and mechanisms of upper and lower airway inflammation. Methods：Allergic rhinitis （AR） model was established by ovalbumin （OVA） sensitization. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to study the pathology, and immunohistochemistry was employed to examine the expressions of interleukin-5 （IL-5） and IFN-gamma （IFN-γ） of nasal mueosa and lung tissues. The levels of IL-5 and IFN-γ in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： Inflammatory infiltration in nasal mueosa and lung tissues of AR rats was evident. The expression of IL-5 in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AR group was significantly higher compared with the control group, and positively correlated with eosinophil counts in nasal mueosa and lung tissue. The expression of IFN-γ in nasal mueosa and lung tissue of AR group was significantly lower compared with the control group. The BALF level of IL-5 was significantly higher and the level of IFN-γ was lower in the AR group than in the control group. Conclusions：Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance was shown in both upper and lower airways of allergic rhinitis rats. Allergic inflammation in nasal mucosa led to not only changes in both local histopathology and immunology, but also to the inflammation in the lower airway.