我国小兽与自然疫源性疾病关系研究概况

Relationship between small mammals and natural-focus diseases in China

小型兽类可保存或传播自然疫源性疾病有数十种,主要有鼠疫、鼠型斑疹伤寒、肾综合征出血热、钩端螺旋体病、恙虫病等。其体外寄生虫如蜱、螨、跳蚤、虱等是传播多种疾病的媒介昆虫。由于种类多,分布广,迁移性较小,不同种类的组成及空间分布特征又多与地理环境、气候条件、生态适应性能力和多种疾病的关系密切,因此对小型兽类与疾病关系的调查研究具有重要意义。该文介绍了我国目前小型兽类与重要或常见自然疫源性疾病关系的研究概况,为人畜共患传染病的研究和防治工作提供参考。

Small mammals can bear or transmit dozens of natural-focus diseases,including mainly plague,murine typhus,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,leptospirosis,and scrub typhus.Their external parasites,such as ticks,mites,fleas,and lice,are the vectors of various diseases.In view of these mammals＇ numerous species,wide distribution and limited migration,and given that the composition and spatial distribution of different species are always closely related with the geographical environment,climates,and their adaptive capacity,as well as a variety of diseases,it is essential to study the relationship between small mammals and multiple diseases.This paper summarizes China＇s current researches on the relationship between small mammals and major or common natural-focus diseases,providing the basis for further studies of zoonotic infectious diseases and corresponding prevention and control.