阿拉山口口岸地区蜱类区系调查及宿主动物染带关系监测分析

Tick fauna and monitoring of tick host animals at Alataw Pass

目的查清口岸地区蜱类本底种群构成、分布特点及与宿主的寄生关系,监测蜱类跨界动态信息,为识别外来物种、传疫情况提供基础科学依据。方法 2008年1-12月主要在口岸地区鼠疫监测点范围内,用人工诱捕法、布旗法,在家畜、家禽、野生动物、小型哺乳动物、洞穴中采集蜱类,将优势种群进行病原体监测。结果经一年的调查,采集蜱类1科5属8种1780只,其中包括进口牛皮中采集的334只蜱。优势种为亚洲璃眼蜱,占78.8%。该蜱除城区外在各监测点均有分布,也是寄生在家畜、小型哺乳动物体表的重要种类。常见种有银盾革蜱、残缘璃眼蜱、盾糙璃眼蜱、短垫血蜱,前3种是寄生在牛、羊、马、骆驼等体表的常见种,后1种是寄生在虎鼬、大耳猬等野生小型动物的常见种。稀有种有雷氏硬蜱、血红扇头蜱,常寄生在狼体表、鼠洞等。罕见种为短小扇头蜱。在进口牛皮中采集蜱类334只。结论经过一年的调查,初步查清了口岸地区蜱类媒介本底的种群构成、分布数量、季节消长及与宿主的染带关系,进口牛皮染蜱的动态信息,为防治疫病疫情、蜱类媒介的传入传出打下了基础。

Objective To identify the baseline species composition and distribution patterns of ticks and their parasitic relationships with the host animals at Atlataw Pass,and to monitor the dynamics of border-crossing ticks,providing the basis for identification of alien species and disease transmission.Methods From January to December 2008,ticks were collected manually or by using clothes from livestock,poultry,wild animals,small mammals and caves at plague monitoring sites along Alataw Pass.The predominant populations were monitored for pathogens.Results After one-year investigation,1780 ticks of 8 species in 5 genera,1 family were collected,including 334 found on imported cowhide.The predominant species was Hyalomma asiaticum,accounting for 78.8%.These ticks were distributed in each monitoring site except urban areas,and also the ones primarily parasitic on the surface of domestic animals and small mammals.Other common species of tick included Dermacentor niveus,Hy.detritum,Hy.scupense and Haemaphysalis erinacei.The first 3 were mainly seen on the surface of such animals as cattle,sheep,horses and camels,while the other in small animals such as Vormela peregusna and Hemiechinus auritus.Rare species consisted of Ixodes redikorzevi and Rhipicephalus sanguineus,which were mainly found on the surface of wolves and in rat holes.Rh.pumilio was the strange species collected.A total of 334 ticks were detected on imported cowhide.Conclusion The one-year investigation revealed the baseline species composition,distribution and seasonal dynamics of vector ticks and their parasitic relationships with the host animals along Alataw Pass,as well as tick infestation on imported cowhide.This study provided the basis for prevention and control of tick-borne diseases and the spread of this vector.