当代中国政策过程中的政策否决现象探析

An Analysis of Policy Veto Phenomenon in Contemporary China's Policy Process

政策否决指政策过程中政治主体行使否决权,促使决策者放弃或改变议题、决定的现象。政策否决是现代政治生活的一种常态政治形式,逻辑上构成共识政治过程的一个环节。我国政策否决现象可分为历时性政策否决、共时性政策否决两种基本类型。改革开放以来,政策否决出现了重大变化,显示了公共政策过程朝向民主化的进步。但是,政策否决的非正式性较为突出,现有制度缺少把体制外否决纳入到体制内否决的机制。

Policy veto refers to political subjects' exercising the veto,which leads the decision makers to give up or change the issue or the decision.Policy veto is a normal political form in modern political life,which logically constitutes a section of consensus politics formation.China's policy veto phenomenon can be classified into diachronic policy veto and synchronic policy veto.Since China's reform and opening—up,the policy veto has experienced significant changes,reflecting the improvement of the public policy process' democratization.But currently policy veto is mostly of informality and the existing system lacks a mechanism of bringing the outside-the-system policy veto into the system.It is the top priority to optimize China's policy process by bringing the informal policy veto into system track,reconstructing consensus politics mechanism and forming effective consensus.