大洋多金属结核成因新说

ON THE ORIGIN OF POLYMETALLIC NODULES IN DEEP SEAS

1994-1995年对东太平洋锰结核包壳及其内部纹层构造作光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜的系统研究。结果表明,深海锰结核是一种锰质核形石,其包壳是叠层五。光滑状和瘤状锰质校形石分别是由微小叠层石和奇异叠层石构成,而叠层石则由纳米级微生物建造而成。新近发现的中华微放线菌和太平洋螺球孢菌分别是微小叠层石和奇异叠层石的建造者。这种典型微生物岩的发现对大洋锰结核成因的认识提供了依据。

To study the origin and formation mechanism of manganese nodules from the Pacific Ocean, we identified systematically the coatings and their internal laminated structures of them during 1994 to 1995. An optical microscope was used to identify the types of stromatolites, and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the morphological feature, growth pattern and colony features of microbe fossils which make up stromatoite. Magnates and chemical composition in manganese nodules were analysed by X-ray diffraction and electron probe. The results indicate that manganese nedules in deep-sea are microbiogenic in character. Smooth and rough types of manganese nodules are composed of Minima and Admirabilis respectively, and the ultra-microfossils --- Miniactinomyces chinensis and Spirisosphoerospora pacifica made up Minima and Admirabilis respectively. Hence, the crystallization of manganates is poor and the internal structures are complicated; it does not support the hypothesis tha manganese nodules are of a chemical origin.