桃、油桃和蟠桃幼胚愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANTLET REGENERATION FROM IMMATURE EMBRYOS OF PEACH, NECTARINE AND FLAT PEACH

以桃品种“湖景蜜露”、油桃品种“米格兰特”、蟠桃品种“张建浜”花后60天的未成熟胚为材料,研究了未成熟胚愈伤组织再生植株的技术。三个品种的胚培养在MS附加NAA1.0 mg/1+2,4-D 1.0mg/1+BA0.5mg/1的培养基上32天,其愈伤组织诱导率为83.3％—100.0％。愈伤组织形态特征分粉状、颗粒状和球状三种类型。当三个品种的球状愈伤组织分别转移至1/2MS附加BA1.0mg/1培养基上,不定梢分化率为1.6％—30.0％。但将桃初代培养诱导的球状愈伤组织转移至MS附加BA1.0—2.0mg/l培养基上增殖培养以后,再转移至1/2MS附加BA 1.0—2.0mg/l培养基上连续二代分化培养,其不定梢分化率达85.7％—107.5％,桃不定梢生根成功。再生植株移栽入土25天后,成活率为95.9％

This paper deals with the technique of plantlet regeneration from calli derived from immature embryos of peach, nectarine and flat peach. As experimental materials, young embryos of peach cv Hujinmilu, nectarine cv Legnand, and flat peach cv Zhangjianbang were taken about 60 days after anthesis. Embryos of the three varieties were cultured on MS medium added with 1.0 mg/l NAA +1.0 mg/l 2,4-D +0.5mg/l BA for 32 days, rates of induced callus were 83.3%—100% and there were three types of calli: friable calli, granulous calli and nodular calli on induced from the same embryo. When the nodular calli of the three varieties were transferred to 1/2 MS medium added with1.0mg/l BA and cultured for 43 days,respectively,rates of regenerated adventitious shoots were 1.6%—30%. When peach nodular calli derived from immature embryos were transferred to MS media added with BA 1.0—2.0mg/l for proliferation culture for 42 days,then transferred to 1/2 MS media added with 1.0—2.0mg/l BA and continously cultured two times, rates of regenerated adventitious shoots could reach 85.7%—107.5%. Peach shoots were successfully rooted, rooted shoot rates were 72%—85.7%. After peach plantlets were transplanted to soil and grew for 25 days, survival rate was 95.9%.