南极长城站酸雨监测的样品采集与分析

SAMPLING AND TESTING OF ACID RAIN IN GREAT WALL STATION OF ANTARCTICA

进行南极酸性湿沉降（降水ｐＨ值＜５．６）的监测研究是为开展全球环境大气化学动态监测、评价区域环境质量、制定环境标准，研究环境中化学元素的迁移、转化、富集规律，以及南极资源的保护和合理开发利用提供第一手的科学依据。利用１９９８年１～９月在中国南极长城站采集监测的酸雨资料综合分析得出，南极确有酸雨存在，在１０４个水样中，有１９个样品的ｐＨ值小于５．６，占总样品的１８．３％。根据南极环境背景值和出现酸雨时的风向，认为由于大气环流把远离南极的污染源传输到南极上空。

Testing of Antarctic acid rain (rain pH<5.6) can provide first handed information for test of change of global environment atmosphere chemistry, assessment of area environment and formation of environment standard,and it is important for understanding transmission, transformation and concentration of chemical elements in environment, it can also give insight in protection and reasonable development of Antarctic. We can know of the original of atmospheric chemistry environment through this test, and reasonable tactics can be made, as a result, the Antarctic can be protected effectively. The place of sample is Great Wall Station of China in Antarctica. The method to get the samples for this experiment is self devised. Samples in sealed vessels melted naturally in house. Data were gotten by pretested DDS 11A and pHS 3B.From January to September 1998, 104 samples were tested, among which 19 samples' pH<5.6, the percentage was 18.3%. So the conclusion can be made that acid rain appeared in Antarctica. On the bases of environment background value and wind direction when acid rain appeared,following can be possible reasons for appearance of acid rain. Pollution of other place was brought to Antarctica by circulation of atmosphere,acid rain formed when it rains.