水稻花药培养植株再生率的世代平均数分析(英文)

GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS OF PLANT REGENERATION IN ANTHER CULTURE OF RICE ( ORYZA SATIVA L. )

水稻花药培养株植再生率为可遗传性状。研究该性状的遗传对利用花培技术培养新品种有重大意义。本研究以Lemont,Short Tetep,IR36及桂朝为材料,配制4×4完全双列杂交,对各组合的亲代(P_1和P_2),F_1,F_2,F_3,回交世代(P_1F_1和P_2F_1)群体进行花药培养,从而获得植株再生率的世代平均数。以Gamble法计算的世代平均数,可进一步分析该性状的基因加性、显性及上位效应。结果表明,基因的显性效应(d)及上位效应(ad,dd)是构成再生率方差及世代平均数变异的主要因素。由于上述基因效应在多数组合中呈负效应,因而再生率高受隐性基因控制。就实践意义而言,在进行花药培养选择杂交后代供体材料时,如杂交组合涉及低再生率亲本,F_2代材料一般能再生,而杂种F_2代往往是理想的接种起始材料。

Plant regenerarion rate is an important factor in using anther culture technique for varietal improvement. The genetics of this trait was investigated using four rice cultivars Lemont, Short Tetep, IR36, and Gui Chow, their F_1F_2, F_3, P_1F_1 and P_2F_1, generations. Lemont regenerated plants at a rate of three plants per 100 calli (3%), while IR36 and Gui Chow regenerated no plants. Short Tetep possessed a high regeneration rate for both green p'lants (63%) and albinos (316%). The rates for IR36 and Gui Chow were significantly different from the rate for Lemont, which was different from tke rate for Short Tetep. The mean green plant and albino regeneration rates among the 12 F_1′s showed overdominance and recessiveness in some crosses. A significant reciprocal difference was found in the cross involving Lemont and Short Tetep. Generation mean analysis indicates that dominance (d), additive × dominance (ad), and dominance × dominance (dd) are major contributors to the variation of generation means, although additive gene effects (a) are important in some crosses. From a practical standpoint for rice anther culture, higher regeneration rates can be obtained from crosses involving a high and low parent by utilizing the F_2, rather than the F_1, generation.