精神科护士的职业应激状况及其相关因素分析

The state of job stress and its contributed factors in nurses in psychiatric department

目的探讨精神科护士的职业应激状况，并分析其相关的影响因素。方法采用Mashach工作疲溃感量表（MBS）、护士工作压力源量表（NJSQ）、简化的艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）和简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ），对58名在职的精神科护士进行调查，并与60名内科护士进行比较。结果精神科护士的职业应激状况中，工作冷漠感为高度，而情绪疲溃感与工作无成就感为轻度，与内科护士比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。护士的工作压力与情绪疲溃感和工作无成就感呈正相关。结论精神科护士的职业应激状况相对较轻，并受工作压力及个性、应对方式的影响。应关注引起精神科护士工作压力的特殊成因，改善他们的工作环境，同时塑造良好的个性，提高其积极应对技巧。

Objective To understand job stress and its contributed factors in nurses in psychiatricdepartment. Methods A total of 58 nurses working in psychiatric department were investigated using MBS,NJSQ,EPQ and SCSQ. Results Depersonalization of nurses was at high level, and emotion exhaustion and decreased personal accomplishment of nurses were at low level, there were significant difference compared with those among medical departments. The work stress was positively related to emotion exhaustion and decreased personal accomplishment in nurses. Conclusions The level of burnout of nurses in psychiatric hospital was relatively low. It was influenced by work related stress, personality and coping strategy. It suggested to pay more attention to the cause of stress, improve their work surroundings, reconstruct their personality, and enhance the active coping capabilities.