采血护士职业暴露防护依从性现况调查

The investigation on compliance of protection to the nurse＇ s occupational exposure in blood centre

目的调查血液中心护士在采血工作中发生职业暴露及防护依从性的情况，探讨职业暴露发生的主要原因和减少职业暴露的有效措施。方法采取自行设计问卷对117名采血护士进行职业暴露经历、标准预防相关知识、手消毒及防护措施的依从性等调查。结果职业暴露中皮肤黏膜暴露占调查人数的92．3％，针刺暴露占38．5％，随着年龄、护龄和站龄的增长，针刺暴露的发生率逐渐升高，中专学历、主管护师和防护措施得分低者针刺暴露发生率高。结论采血护士标准预防行为依从性较低。掌握标准预防相关理论知识是预防职业暴露发生的基础，提高护士职业暴露防护措施的依从性，规范护士的操作行为，是减少职业暴露的有效措施。

Objective To probe the main reason of occupational exposure occurred and effective measures to reduce exposure by surveying the situation of occupational exposure in the work of nurses. Methods A total of 117 nurses were surveyed by self-designed questionnaires including： the general situation;occupational exposure experience; standard knowledge of prevention; the compliance of hand-washing and hand disinfection; the application of protective measures. Results Nurses of skin/mucous membrane exposure and needle sticking exposure account for 97.9% and 38.5% of those surveyed. The occurrence of needle exposure related to age, job age, education, professional title and score of protective measures. With age, job age growing, needle sticking exposure gradually increased . It was high incidence rate that the nurse of secondary education, nurse of charge and poor score of protective measures. Conclusions The compliance to standardized preventive behavior for occupational exposure was very low. Mastering the standard theoretical knowledge was the foundation to prevention of occupational exposure occurred. Improving the compliance of protective measures for occupational exposure of nurses and standardizing operating behavior of nurses are effective measures to reduce the occupational exposure.