实验动物学发展概况与展望

Current status of laboratory animal science and its future

目的总结军内外实验动物学的发展历程,探讨我军实验动物学发展中存在的问题,提出我军未来实验动物学的发展战略与建议。方法通过对国内外实验动物学的有关文献进行回顾性调查与描述性分析,结合我军实验动物学的发展实际,提出我军实验动物学未来发展的战略思考与建议。结果我军实验动物学取得了长足发展,生产设施及动物实验条件得到极大提高,人才体系基本建成,但与国内外实验动物学发展水平比较,仍存在实验动物质量不均一、动物实验操作标准化程度不高、军事特殊医学动物模型研制基础差、战略性实验动物资源储备不足等问题。结论军队实验动物学发展应走军民结合的道路,建立资源共享机制和人才共培养体系,同时建立军队科研人员实验动物专业培训的长效机制,以特殊军事医学动物模型研究和实验动物战略性资源储备为重点,使实验动物学真正成为军事医学的基础性、应用保障性学科。

Objective To summarize the progresses in laboratory animal science in civil and military fields,and explore the problems existed in development of laboratory animal science in PLA. Methods Literature concerning the laboratory animal science published domestically and abroad were retrospectively and descriptively analyzed. Integrated with the practices on laboratory animal science,the strategies and suggestions for future development of laboratory animal science in PLA were herewith presented. Results Considerable developments have been achieved in the laboratory animal science in PLA,including the improved productive facilities and experimental conditions,and preliminarily established system of traiming of personnal. However,compared with the development level of laboratory animal sciences at home and that of abroad,such disparities as heterogeneity in quality of experimental animals from different breeding institues,lower standard in experimental technology,poorer foundation in the development of animal model special for military purpose,and lack of strategic reserve of laboratory animal resources,etc could still be found. Conclusions The development of laboratory animal science in PLA should depend on a combination of military efforts and civilian support,with establishment of the mechanism to share resources and professional personnel. Meanwhile a long-term mechanism should be developed for professional training of personnel in breeding experimental animals for researches in the field of military medicine,in order to establish a truly fundamental discipline of animal science for research of military medical sciences.