新型孕妇安全带的保护性能研究

Study on Protection Performance of a New Kind of Safety Belt for Pregnant Occupants

提出了结合传统三点式安全带使用的新型包裹状孕妇安全带,建立了较为详细的孕期为30周的子宫有限元模型,并结合5百分位女性多面体人体模型建立了怀孕30周孕妇仿真模型,对该孕妇模型进行了刚性冲击器和腹部安全带试验验证。建立了新型包裹状孕妇安全带的有限元模型,并利用所建立的孕妇模型及安全带模型,进行了不同碰撞速度、不同安全带使用条件下的正面碰撞孕妇损伤研究。结果表明,新型包裹状孕妇安全带能防止腰带上移,降低子宫部位前冲能量,从而有效降低子宫胎盘接触面处应变,且不影响传统三点式安全带对母体的保护效果。另外,延伸率为14.5%的包裹织物保护效果最好。

A new kind of safety belt combined with the traditional 3-point belt for pregnant women was presented. A detailed 30-weeks pregnant uterus was modeled by finite element method. A pregnant occupant model with gestational age of 30-weeks was developed based on the 5th percentile female facet model. The model was validated via abdominal response corridors under rigid bar loading and belt loading. The new kind of safety belt was also modeled by finite element method. In order to study the injury of pregnant occupants, a series of front impact simulations with different impact velocity and configuration of safety belt were conducted using the pregnant model and safety belt model. The results indicate that the new kind of safety belt can prevent the lap-belt from moving upward and reduce the energy of uterus rushing forward, and then decrease the strain at uterus-placental-interface（UPI） significantly. It will not decrease the protective effects of the traditional 3-pt belt on the maternal. In addition, the best protection can be obtained by using the enwrapping fabric whose prolongation ratio was 14.5%.