科尔沁沙地南缘地区主要作物耗水规律及水分利用评价

Water Consumption and Use Efficiency of Main Crops on the Southern Kerqin Sandy Land

采用FAO-Penman Monteith公式法和水量平衡法对科尔沁沙地南缘地区玉米、花生和谷子等主要作物的耗水规律进行了研究。结果表明,玉米的日需水量、全生育期需水量和土壤水分亏缺量均最大,需水量与降水的吻合程度最差,作物系数平均值较大;谷子的日需水量、土壤水分亏缺量和作物系数平均值较大,由于生育期相对较短,全生育期需水量最少,需水量与降水吻合程度较好;花生的日需水量和土壤水分亏缺量均最小,全生育期需水量较少,需水量与降水吻合程度最好,作物系数平均值较小,作物系数变化较为平稳,生育中前期需水量相对较小。从水分利用效率的角度,区域优先种植的作物应为玉米、谷子、花生。从水分经济效益的角度,区域优先种植的作物顺序为花生、玉米、谷子;优先灌溉的作物顺序为花生、谷子、玉米。

Water consumption in corn,peanut and foxtail millet was studied through the FAO-Penman Monteith method and the water balance method on the Southern Kerqin sandy land.Among the three crops,the amount of the daily water demand,the water demand during whole growth period and the soil water deficit of corn were all the largest.At the same time,its degree of agreement between the water demand and the level of precipitation was the worst,and its average in crop coefficient wais larger.The amount of the daily water demand,the soil water deficit and its average in crop coefficient of millet were larger.Because of its short growth period,the water demand during whole growth period in foxtail millet was the least,resulting in that its degree of agreement between the water demand and the level of precipitation was better.For peanuts,the amount of the daily water demand,the soil water deficit and its average in crop coefficient were both the least,the water demand during whole growth period was less,and the degree of agreement between the water demand and the level of precipitation was better,average in crop coefficient was less,the change of crop coefficient was relatively steady,and water demand in the early and middle period of crop growth was less.For water use efficiency,the order of the crops of regional priorities should be corn,millet,and peanuts.For economic benefits of water,the order of the crops of regional priorities should be peanuts,corn,and millet.In addition,the order of the crops of priority for irrigation should be peanuts,millet,and corn.