两系杂交小麦品种绵杂麦168高产优质高效栽培技术初探

Preliminary Study on High-Economic Benefits Cultivation Measures with High Yield and Good Quality of the Two-Line Hybrid Wheat Variety "Mianzamai 168"

为解决杂交小麦生产用种量大,种子生产成本高的难题,加速杂交小麦新品种在生产上的推广应用,采用两因素裂区设计,进行施氮量与密度对两系杂交小麦品种绵杂麦168产量、品质及效益的影响试验研究。结果表明,施氮量、密度以及施氮量与密度的互作都极显著地影响绵杂麦168的产量与品质。产量与各主要品质性状随着施氮量的增加呈增加趋势,在基本苗为45万～285万/hm2、纯氮施用量为150～300kg/hm2时,就可获得6500kg/hm2,甚至7500kg/hm2以上的产量;纯氮施用量为300kg/hm2时,粗蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和稳定时间都能达到中筋小麦标准。产量随着密度的增加也呈增加趋势,但密度过高,产量又有所下降;低密度下的品质性状要优于高密度。施氮量对产量和各品质性状的影响要强于密度的影响。对经济效益的分析表明,在基本苗为45万～225万/hm2时,配合纯氮用量150～300kg/hm2,都可获得高于8000元/hm2的相对经济效益。根据试验结果提出了两套优化栽培措施。

Two-factor split-plot design was used to study the effects of nitrogen application rate and plant density on yield and quality of the two-line hybrid wheat variety ＂Mianzamai 168＂.The results showed that nitrogen application rate,plant density and their interaction influenced the yield and quality significantly.The yield and main quality characters both increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The yield above 6500kg/hm^2,or even above 7500 kg/hm^2 could be obtained under the condition that the basic seedlings were 45×10^4-285×10^4hm^2 and the nitrogen application rate were 150-300kg/hm^2.If the nitrogen application rate increased to 300kg/hm^2,protein content,gluten content and stable time could all reach medium-gluten wheat standard.The yield also increased with the increase of plant density,but declined in very high plant density.The quality characters in low plant densities were superior to those of high plant densities.The effects of nitrogen application rate on the yield and quality were stronger than those of plant density.The study of economic benefits showed that relative economic benefits higher than 8000yuan/hm^2 could be obtained under the condition that the basic seedlings were 45×10^4-285×10^4hm^2 and the nitrogen application rate were 150-300kg/hm^2.Two superior cultivation measures were also provided.