拉萨农村藏族婴幼儿母亲喂养知识和行为调查

Knowledge and practice of child feeding among Tibet mothers with small children in Lhasa rural area

目的了解西藏自治区拉萨市农村藏族婴幼儿母亲喂养知识和行为,为指导婴幼儿科学喂养提供依据。方法采用自行设计调查表对抽取的拉萨市城关区3个农业乡共386名藏族0～24月龄婴幼儿母亲的喂养知识和行为进行调查。结果 386名农村藏族婴幼儿母亲的母乳喂养率为88.6%;从出生至4月龄,>80%婴幼儿主要添加的辅食为糌粑糊;至6月龄时,>60%婴幼儿添加的主要辅食为酥油茶,鸡蛋、肉类、蔬菜和水果的添加比例<30%;至12月龄后,>50%的婴幼儿开始添加鸡蛋、肉类、蔬菜和水果,但肉类的添加仅60%左右;有关婴幼儿喂养知识的7个问题中,除哺乳时两侧乳房应经常更换的回答正确率为85.9%外,其他6个问题的回答正确率均<50%;在婴幼儿日常照料行为的2个问题中,61.9%的母亲能够经常带孩子晒太阳,77.2%的孩子外表看起来干净。结论拉萨市农村地区婴幼儿母亲喂养知识普遍欠缺,辅食添加不合理。

Objective To describe the knowledge,attitude and practice of child feeding among Tibet mothers with small children in Lhasa rural area.Methods With a cross-sectional study,participants were selected from the mothers with children under 2 years old and interviewed face-to-face about their feeding knowledge,attitude and practice.Related sociodemographic and environmental information were also collected.Results Three hundred and eighty-six mothers were surveyed.The breastfeeding rate was 88.6%.The time of adding water,sugar water,tsampa was within 4 months after the birth among more than 80% of infants of the mothers.Gruel,egg,meat,vegetable,and fruit were added 6 months after the birth.Half of the mothers believed that supplementary food should be added 6 months after the birth of the infant.40% of the mothers believed that solid food should be added at age of 12 months.Mother＇s feeding knowledge and actual practice was not consistent.Conclusion The Tibet mothers in Lhasa lack the knowledge about infant and young child feeding and take unreasonable supplementary feeding.