高职生自我效能感及应对方式与焦虑关系

Correlation between anxiety,general self-efficacy and coping style in vocational college students

目的探讨高职生焦虑、自我效能感及应对方式的特点以及相互关系。方法采用状态焦虑量表、一般自我效能感量表和简易应对方式量表对高职大学生763人进行调查。结果高职大学生焦虑状态发生率为13.4%,焦虑平均分为(41.50±7.68)分,男女生分别为(41.62±7.84),(41.44±7.60)分,与普通人群常模男性、女性(39.71±8.89),(38.97±8.98)分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.95,7.24,P<0.01),高职生焦虑水平明显高于普通人群;男女生自我效能感平均分为(2.67±0.44),(2.52±0.42)分,与普通大学生常模男生、女生(2.69±0.57),(2.55±0.50)分比较,差异均无统计学意义;高职生积极应对、消极应对平均分为(1.98±0.45),(1.23±0.48)分,积极应对分值明显高于消极应对分(t=37.81,P<0.01)。结论自我效能、应对方式和焦虑之间存在密切关系,重视学生自信心、积极心态和应对能力的培养是预防和减轻高职大学生焦虑的有效途径。

Objective To examine status of anxiety,general self-efficacy,coping style,and their relationships among vocational college students.Methods Totally 763 vocational college students were asked to fill in the questionnaires of state anxiety,general self-efficacy and coping style.Results The prevalance rate of anxiety was 13.4% among the students.The mean scores of anxiety of male and female students were higher than that of normal Chinese（t=3.95,7.24,P0.01）.There was a significant difference in the prevalence of anxiety between the non-only child and only child（F=4.13,P0.05）.There was no significant difference in general self-efficacy between the vocational college students and the university students（t=-1.52,-0.72,P0.05）.The vocational college students had a higher socre of positive coping style than the score of negative coping.Anxiety had significantly negative correlation with general self-efficacy and positive coping style（r=-0.337,-0.326,P 0.01）,and positive correlation with negative coping style（r=0.186,P 0.01）.There was a significant positive correlation between general self-efficacy and positive coping style（r=0.355,P 0.01）.Conclusion Anxiety is closely related to general self-efficacy and coping style.Self-confidence,positive attitude and coping ability could play important roles in reducing anxiety among vocational college students.