专业技术人员职业倦怠现状及影响因素分析

Job burnout and influential factors among professionals

目的了解专业技术人员职业倦怠现状及其影响因素,为制定专业技术人员职业倦怠干预措施提供依据。方法采用职业倦怠量表、紧张相关工作分析问卷、社会支持评定量表和简易应对方式量表对510名专业技术人员进行测试。结果 (1)专业技术人员情感耗竭的检出率为15.76%,人格解体的检出率为40.47%,成就感降低的检出率为60.24%;轻度职业倦怠的检出率为37.18%,中度职业倦怠的检出率为35.06%,重度职业倦怠的检出率为7.29%;(2)职业紧张、消极应对与职业倦怠呈显著正相关,社会支持、积极应对与职业倦怠呈负相关关系;(3)社会支持、年龄和收入对情感耗竭有明显的预测作用,总贡献率为30.75%;社会支持、职业紧张、消极应对、收入、积极应对和年龄对人格解体有明显的预测作用,总贡献率为28.80%;支持利用度、积极应对、主观支持、婚姻和学历对成就感降低有明显的预测作用,总贡献率为27.98%。结论专业技术人员职业倦怠比较严重,并受到社会支持和应对方式的影响,应采取积极措施进行干预。

Objective To understand the level of job burnout among professionals and its influential factors and to provide an intervention of job burnout problem.Methods Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory,Instrument zur streβbezogenen Ttigkeits Analyse Inventory,Social Support Rating Scale and Simplified Coping Style Scale were examined in 510 professionals.Results The results displayed that the prevalence of emotional exhaustion,depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment was 15.76%,40.47%,and 60.24%,respectively.The prevalence of slight,moderate,and high burnout was 37.18%,35.06%,and 7.29%,respectively.The significant influential factors of emotional exhaustion were professionals＇ social support,age,and income,which accounted for 30.75% of the total variance.There was a significant positive correlation between occupational stress,negative coping style and job burnout.While there was a significant negative correlation between social support,positive coping and job burnout.The significant influential factors of depersonalization were professionals＇ social support,occupational stress,negative coping style,income,positive coping style,and age,which accounted for 28.80% of the total variance.Availability of support,positive coping style,subjective support,marriage status,and academic career were significant predictors of the lack of personal accomplishment,which accounted for 27.98% of the total variance.Conclusion Job burnout mediated by social support and coping style among professionals is serious.Positive measures should be taken to intervene job burnout.