贵州省农村<7岁儿童体格发育水平分析

Z score analysis of physical growth level of children under-seven-years-old in rural areas of Guizhou province

目的了解贵州省农村儿童体格发育水平及营养不良患病情况。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法调查贵州省农村儿童8 680人,以中国<7岁儿童生长标准为参数计算儿童年龄别身高Z值(HAZ)、年龄别体重Z值(WAZ)和身高别体重Z值(WHZ)与生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦发病率。结果各年龄组儿童体格发育均落后于参考标准,6月龄内儿童Z值主要分布0～1和0～-1两个区间;6月龄后逐渐向左移,WAZ、WHZ值主要分布于0～-1和-1～-2两个区间,HAZ左移较前二者更明显。18月龄后各Z值主要分布于-1～-2和<-2两个区间。营养不良发生率在6个月以内较低,6月龄后随年龄增长患病率增高,在36～48月龄时达到高峰;8 680名<7岁儿童中生长迟缓3 292例,低体重1 523例,消瘦388例,发病率分别为37.9%,17.5%和4.5%。结论贵州省农村儿童体格发育与中国同龄儿童生长标准存在较大差距,长期慢性营养不良是其主要因素,改善农村儿童营养状况是今后贵州省儿童保健工作重点。

Objective To investigate the physical growth level, morbidity of malnutrition and related factors among children in rural areas of Guizhou province. Methods The height and weight of 8680 children in the rural areas of Guizhou province were surveyed with a stratified cluster sampling method. Z score of height for age （HA：Z）, Z sore of weight for age （WAZ）, and Z score of weight for height （WHZ） for children of different ages were calculated, with the national criteria for the growth level of children under 7 years as the parameter. The prevalences of stunting, underweight and wasting were calculated with the threshold of Z score below -2. Results The physical growth level for the children of different age groups in the rural areas in Guizhou province was below the national standard. Z score for children under 6-month-old was between 0 - 1 and 0 - - 1. WAZ and WHZ were between 0 - - 1 and - 1 - - 2 after 6 months. HAZ for children of 18 months and above was between - 1 - -2 and 〈 -2. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting wss 37.9%, 17.5 %, and 4. 5 %, respectively. The higher prevalences of stunting and underweight were found in children between 36 and 48 months. Conclusion There exists a large difference in the physical growth level between children under 7 years old in rural areas of Guizhou province and the national standard. Long-term chronic malnutrition is the main cause for the problem. It reminds us that we should put our focus on improving the nutritive conditions for rural children.