85例狂犬病疫苗致不良反应分析

Analysis of 85 Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Rabies Vaccine

目的:分析注射狂犬病疫苗致不良反应的发生情况及相关因素,引起人们对狂犬病疫苗的重视。方法:以狂犬病疫苗和不良反应为关键词,检索了中国知网的相关文献,对文献进行筛选并分析。结果:筛选了85例关于注射狂犬病疫苗致ADR的报道。其中,高发年龄阶段为1～10岁者,占33.8%(26例);以皮肤和附件的ADR最多,累计占总ADR的47.7%(42例次),其次免疫系统及神经系统的ADR分别为25%(22例次)和12.5%(11例次);注射本品第一针后出现ADR的比例最高,为43.5%(37例次)。另外,12例ADR可能与不合理用药、其他相关因素相关,包括注射方法和药品质量等,应属药品不良事件(ADE)。结论:应正确使用狂犬病疫苗,以降低ADR/ADE的发生。

Objective ： To investigate the adverse drug reactions of rabies vaccine and their related factors to draw people＇ s attention to the importance of rabies vaccine. Method： With the key words of ＇ rabies vaccine＇ and ＇ adverse drug reactions＇ , the references of CNKI of China and literatures were screened, and then analyzed according to the questionnaires. Result：85 reports of ADRs of rabies vaccine were selected. The high incidence of ADRs was ages 1 to 10 in respect of age, accounting for 33.8% （26 cases）. More ADRs were involved in skin and its accessories, accumulatively accounting for 47.7% （42 cases times）, and the rest, in the immune system and nervous system, accounting for 25% （22 cases） and 12.5 % （ 11 cases）. The highest proportion 43.5 % （37 times） of ADRs occurred after the first injection of the product. In addition, 12 cases of ADRs might be related to irrational medication and such factors as injection method, quality of medicine. Conclusion：The proper use of rabies vaccine should be made to reduce the incidence of ADRs.