凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)维生素B_1需要量的研究

A Study on Dietary Vitamin B_1 Requirement of Litopenaeus vannamei

本研究旨在探讨半纯化日粮中添加不同含量的维生素B1（thiamine）对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长性能和生理生化指标的影响,评价凡纳滨对虾对维生素B1的需要量。以酪蛋白、明胶、鱼粉作为蛋白源,配制维生素B1含量分别为0.83、19.70、37.40、50.80、65.30、94.20、163.00和323.00mg/kg的8种半纯化日粮,选择初始体重（0.55±0.03）g的凡纳滨对虾虾苗960尾,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾,分别连续投喂42d。结果显示,半纯化日粮中添加维生素B1能显著提高凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率和饲料效率（P〈0.05）。添加维生素B119.70~50.80mg/kg能显著提高凡纳滨对虾的存活率（P〈0.05）。添加维生素B1对凡纳滨对虾的体成分和肝胰脏中的淀粉酶活性无显著影响（P〉0.05）。添加维生素B150.80mg/kg日粮组的血清转酮醇酶活性（TKA）最高,显著高于未添加（0.83mg/kg）组（P〈0.05）,与其他添加组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。在本试验条件下,以生长性能和血清TKA为评价指标,通过折线模型分析得到凡纳滨对虾维生素B1需要量分别为23.90和23.70mg/kg日粮。

An experiment was conducted to determine the requirement of dietary vitamin B1（thiamine,TN）for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei.Semi-purified basal diets were formulated using vitamin-free casein,gelatin and fish meal as protein resources.Graded levels of TN were added to the basal diet which analytically contained 0.83,19.70,37.40,50.80,65.30,94.20,163.00 and 323.00 mg/kg diet,respectively.Each diet was fed into tanks of three replicates of shrimp（mean weight of（0.55±0.03）g）for 42 days.Results indicated that the specific growth rate（SGR）and feed efficiency of shrimp fed diets supplemented with thiamine were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed non-supplemented diet（0.83 mg/kg diet）（P0.05）.Shrimp fed 19.70~50.80 mg/kg diets had a significantly higher survival rate（P0.05）.There was no significant difference in body composition and hepatopancreatic amylase activity among the groups（P0.05）.The activity of serum transketolase（TKA）was the highest in shrimp fed 50.8 mg/kg diet,significantly higher than that of shrimp fed the non-supplemented diet.SGR and TKA in serum were found to be suitable indicators,and analysis of broken-line regression indicated that the dietary vitamin B1 requirement of Litopenaeus vannamei was estimated to be 23.90 and 23.70 mg/kg diet,respectively.