低碳城市治理中的领导力模型分析

A Study on Leadership Model in Low-Carbon City Governance

全球气候变化使我国城市发展面临巨大挑战。在科学发展观和建设生态文明理念的指引下,低碳城市发展路径成为理想选择。在地方政府层面,低碳发展的核心问题是如何激励地方官员,将国际环境治理的变化引发的中央政府的目标改变细化到地方发展的政策目标中,并出台与地方发展状况相符合的发展战略与政策。通过对保定低碳城市建设过程的案例分析,从领导力模型的变迁角度,发掘地方治理过程中由于国际治理环境、中央决策以及地方发展三方面情境变化下,领导者和追随者之间的动态互动变迁对于平衡地方发展与应对气候变化的双重目标下的地方政策变迁的影响。基于案例研究结果,认为低碳城市发展的初期,领导力的构成和对外界环境的吸收消化能力成为发展的重要基石。一方面,我国低碳城市建设必须考虑国际和国内、中央和地方双重情境的动态变化:由于全球环境治理的变化、国际公约的确立以及国际组织的资源支持,形成了对中央环境政策的强有力的推进与补充,成为地方领导平衡环境与经济发展的不可忽视的重要动力。另一方面,低碳城市作为一种新的发展模式,需要政府、企业、专家这三个层面领导者的共同作用来推动,而这三者之间动态互动所产生的合力对低碳城市的发展具有重要作用。

Global climate change is posing unprecedented challenges upon China＇s fast urbanization. Under the direction of the scientific outlook on development, the development of low-carbon city becomes the best choice. At local level, the key for low-carbon development is the mechanism to motivate local officials to combine national policy goal changes as well as international governance elements into local policy making and governance based on local situation. In this paper, we analyze the leadership model change in terms of the dynamic interactions among leader, follower and situation using a case of Baoding municipality to illustrate local governance change in response to changes at international governance, central government as well as local development. We found that multilayer leadership structure and leader＇s capacity to adjust with situation change forms the base of local governance at early stage of low-carbon development. On the one hand, dynamic changes in international resources become strong push and substitute of central policy to balance local economic development and environmental protection; On the other hand, the dynamic interactions among government, enterprise and expertise forms another pillar for local low-carbon development.