战国出土与传世文献中的第二人称代词

The Second Personal Pronouns in the Warring States Period

本文以战国出土文献和传世文献为语料①,来考察战国时期第二人称代词在称数和句法功能方面呈现的面貌。第二人称代词没有数的分别,不过有些代词"女(汝)、尔、若",以表单数为主,表复数也常见;而有些代词"乃、而"基本表示单数,表示复数的情况极少。它们在句法功能上也没有绝对的限制。不过,"女(汝)"主要作主语、宾语,较少作定语;而"尔""而"经常作定语。也就是说,这些代词在不同句法功能上只有数量分布的差异,没有质的区别。

Based on the unearthed literature and literature handed on from ancient times,the paper discusses syntax function and number of the second personal pronouns in the Warring States period.The second personal pronouns have no difference in number.＂Ru＂ ＂Er＂ ＂Ruo＂ are not only singular in number,but also plural in number.While ＂Nai＂ ＂Er＂ used as plural number is less.The second personal pronouns are also no absolute limits in syntactic function.However,＂Ru＂ is used mainly as the subject,object but less attributive and ＂Er＂ often attributive.In other words,there is no essential difference in syntax function with the second personal pronouns in the Warring States period.