地学知识图谱的定义、内涵和表达方式的探讨

Conceptual Framework and Representation of Geographic Knowledge Map

在地学图谱和地学信息图谱的基础上,本文提出了地学知识图谱的概念,并介绍了地学知识图谱的基本框架、特征和理论意义。地学知识图谱将地学知识以虚拟空间坐标的形式反映在地图上,用以展示地理对象特征空间分布,揭示出一些隐含的规律。它是对地理知识形式化的图形表达,具有语法和语义特征,因此,有可计算性。它的基本组成要素和结构由所表达的内容决定。地学知识图谱,不仅是一种知识表达和数据挖掘的手段,也是空间认知的一种方式和结果。

People have been working for years on geo-information map in different fields of geography since it was proposed.However,most current works on geo-information map stay at the stage of representing geographic phenomena or processes as traditional map does,while lack of knowledge representation and reasoning,so it shows no difference with traditional cartographic map.This results in difficulties in extracting information automatically from geo-information maps,so experts＇ knowledge and experience are required in order to acquire spatial or temporal patterns through the spatial distribution of geographic phenomena on geo-information maps.This paper proposes the concept of geographic knowledge map,which uses measurements in feature dimensions as coordinate frame instead of geographic coordinate system and displays the characters of objects and the relationships between them with different signals.In this way,geographic knowledge map can disclose spatial-temporal patterns in different feature dimensions which are less possible to be found in real world and geo-coded map.In this paper,the conceptual framework and properties of geographic knowledge map is described,and its characteristics are concluded.Geographic knowledge map is not only graphic representation of geographical knowledge,but also a formal language of knowledge representation.It represents knowledge with structured formal diagrams,has specific semantics and syntax,so it is computable.Through computation of geographic knowledge map,we can transfer the knowledge it represents into other formal language descriptions.It is a way of geographic knowledge visualization,and a method of data mining and knowledge discovery as well.