常州市育龄妇女出生缺陷知识、态度和行为调查

Survey on the knowledge,attitude and practice of birth defects among women of reproductive age in Changzhou

目的:通过调查育龄妇女预防出生缺陷的知识、态度和行为情况,为出生缺陷干预工作中宣传教育的服务方式和内容提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段抽样的方法对常州市5区2县的2003名育龄妇女进行面对面的问卷调查。结果:97.9%的人需要优生知识,76.8%和69.8%的人知道服用叶酸的目的和最佳时间,>90%的人知道出生缺陷发生的原因,仅有29.6%的人知道常染色体显性遗传病遗传后代的可能性。在对待预防出生缺陷的具体服务项目上,认为婚检、TORCH筛查、染色体检查、传染病筛查、营养水平检查以及补充叶酸有必要的比例分别为94.9%、76.4%、74.5%、84%、66%、90.5%。在优生行为方面,>90%的人阅读过有关优生的书籍和杂志、尽量远离烟酒环境,但只有60.4%人上网搜索过有关优生知识。结论:育龄妇女对优生知识有一定的了解但不全面,优生知识知晓率与文化程度、户籍地、居住地等有关,相关部门应结合本地实际有针对性地开展宣传教育。

Objective：To explore the knowledge,attitude and practice （KAP） of birth defect among women of reproductive age in order to provide a scientific basis for carrying out birth defect prevention. Methods：Multistage sampling was used and a face-to-face questionnaire survey was undertaken in 2 003 women of reproductive age in 5 districts and 2 counties of Changzhou. Results：97.9% of them needed eugenic knowledge. About 76.8% and 69.8% knew the effects and the best supplementation time of folic acid. More than 90% had awareness of the birth defect＇s pathogenesis. However,only 29.6% knew the inheritance probability of autosomal dominant inheritance. As far as the attitude toward the service items about birth defect prevention was concerned,94.9%,76.4%,74.5%,84.0%,66.0% and 90.5% thought that the premarital check-up,TORCH screening,chromosome inspection,infectious diseases screening,nutritional level examination and folic acid supplement were necessary,respectively. On behavior,more than 90% read the books and magazines related to birth defect prevention and kept away from the smoke and alcohol. But only 60.4% got eugenic knowledge from internet. Conclusion：Women of reproductive age have some eugenic knowledge. The awareness rate of eugenic knowledge was related to educational level,permanent residence and place of residence. The propaganda and education about birth defects prevention should be strengthened.