低体重新生儿的危险因素和预后分析

The Analysis of Risk Factors and Prognosis of Low Birth Weight Infant

目的:探讨出生低体重儿的原因和防治措施。方法:对1989年1月至2009年12月我科出生的545例低体重儿(出生时体重低于2500克)的发生和死因进行回顾性分析。结果:低体重儿母亲妊娠期并发症如流感、中重度贫血和妊娠高血压综合征等明显增高;低体重儿死亡率为15.72%,显著高于正常出生体重儿(P<0.01);其主要死因是新生儿肺炎、致死性畸形、败血症和颅内出血等。结论:母亲孕期并发症是低体重儿主要原因,积极治疗和护理孕期母亲疾患和低体重儿是减少低体重儿和降低其死亡率的关键。

Objective： To explore the causes and the preventive and therapeutic measures of low birth weight infant.Methods：The genesis and the death causes of 545 cases of low birth weight infant （birth weight less than 2500 g） were analyzed retrospectively from Jan 1989 to Dec 2009. Result： Among pregnant women who gave birth to low birth weight infant later,complications such as influenza,moderate and serious anemia and pregnancy -induced hypertension etc increased greatly. The mortality of low birth weight infant was 15.75%, which was distinctively higher than that of normal birth weight infant （P〈0.01）. The main causes of death were pneumonia of newborn, deadly malformation, septemia and intracranial hemorrhage, etc. Conclusion： Maternal complications during pregnancy are the main cause of low birth weight infant. Active treatment and nursing on pregnant women with complications are the keys of reducing low birth weight infant and its mortality.