泾河流域不同生态功能区可持续发展能力评价

Evaluation on Sustainable Development Ability of Ecological Function Regions in Jinghe Watershed

水土资源的不合理利用会引发严重的生态问题,这些问题正逐步得到重视,相关的研究也备受关注。本文以泾河流域为研究对象,分别不同生态功能区对基于水土资源的可持续发展能力进行评价,研究结果可为区域水土资源的进一步优化配置和合理利用提供指导。本文首先将流域分为六个生态功能区,即东部山地水源涵养区(Ⅰ区)、西部山地水源涵养区(Ⅱ区)、北部丘陵沟壑水土保持区(Ⅲ区)、南部山地丘陵沟壑水土保持区(Ⅳ区)、塬地(阶地、平原)、农田保护区(Ⅴ区)、中部过渡区(Ⅵ区)。然后,确定了由两个系统即社会经济子系统和水土资源与生态环境子系统、8个综合性指标组成的水土资源可持续发展能力评价体系,从生态环境现状(林草覆盖率和土地退化指数)、耕地压力、水足迹与水压力三个方面对各功能区及相互之间的差异性进行分项评价,在此基础上,对各区进行综合评价。研究结果表明,泾河流域除Ⅴ区处于比较协调状态外,其他各区(面积总计占90.09%)均处于不协调状态,这反映出流域总体可持续发展能力差。

The irrational utilization of water and land resources,together with its serious ecological consequence,have long been receiving researchers＇ much concern,as importance is put on it gradually.In this paper, Jinghe Watershed,an arid and semiarid area located in the Loess Plateau,is taken as a case for research to evaluate on sustainable development ability of water and land resources based on ecological function regions.The study results are useful for the further study on optimal allocation and irrational utilization of local water and land resources.Firstly,we divided Jinghe Watershed into 6 zoned ecological function regions： they are water conservation district in east （District I）,water conservation district in west（District II）,soil and water conservation district in north（District III）,soil and water conservation district in south（District IV）,farmland protection district（District V） and ecological conservation and farmland protection transitional district（District VI）.Then we construct evaluating indicator system which includes 8 integrated indicators.We evaluate difference among elological fanction regions from three aspects which are ecological environment status（coverage of forest and grass,land degradation index）,farmland pressure,and water footprint and water environment pressure.The evaluation results show that except District V,other five districts（90.09% area of the watershed） are all in an incongruous state and that the sustainable development ability of water and land resources is bad in the watershed.