不同时段洞庭湖区土地利用/覆被变化及退田还湖的影响

Land Use/Cover Change and Effects of "Returning Farmland to Lake" During Different Periods in Dongting Lake Area

土地利用/覆被变化的研究与分析,可以科学阐述区域人-地关系地域系统的结构变化规律、驱动力等,有助于规范人类行为、协调人地关系,从而为更好的进行自然资源综合管理和生态系统管理提供科学依据。本文以1995、2000和2005年的土地利用/覆被变化分析为基础,以退田还湖工程为切入点,系统分析洞庭湖区三个时期的土地利用格局、变化及其驱动力,初步阐述了退田还湖工程这一重要的生态恢复工程对湖区土地利用变化的影响。研究发现,退田还湖工程促进了耕地向湿地的转化,使移民迁入区和迁出区的土地利用结构都会发生重大变化。最后,指出对于洞庭湖区退田还湖工程的实施与管理,各级政府一定要起到宏观调控的指导作用,包括要从战略上予以规范、规划,积极引导人们的土地利用活动向着科学、和谐的方向发展,必要时还需要辅以行政、经济或法律措施,促进各种土地资源间的合理流转,以实现土地利用综合效益的最大化,为区域的适应性和可持续性管理提供了参考依据。

Researches on Land Use/Cover Change（LUCC） can explain the changes between man and land in a scientific way,which will help to regulate human activites for better natural resources management and ecosystem management.This paper makes an in-depth analysis of land use classification,structure and their transfers and transformations based on three phases of land use data,i.e.1995,2000 and 2005 in Dongting Lake area,and then integrates with ＂Returning Farmland to Lake（RFL）＂ and its effects on LUCC since 1998.It indicates that RFL accelarates the conversion of farmland to wetland,changes a land use structures in areas greatly where people are displaced and resettled.It concludes that governments at all levels should play key role in implementation and management during RFL in Dongting Lake area,such as overall planning at the strategic level,mechanism and system for more and more reasonable and hermonious land use activities with the aid of administrative,economic and/or legislative cooperation and adjustment.Only by this can it accelerate the scientific transfers between different land resources,and maximize the benefits from land use in Dongting Lake area,which offers a solid background for regional adaptive and sustainable management.