Da Vinci S手术机器人在胸外科应用的初步经验

Preliminary experiences with the da Vinci S surgical system in thoracic surgery

目的 评价17例使用da Vinic S手术机器人系统行不开胸手术,观察其实用性及手术效果.方法 da Vinic S手术机器人系统包括主刀医生控制台,患者平车,内窥镜摄像系统.控制台与患者平车连接,在患者平车上载有三个机械臂和一个为了连接内窥镜摄像系统的中央机械臂.手术器械借着胸壁的孔洞连接到机器人的机械臂.外科医生坐于控制台前双手抓于操作台上十分敏感的模拟抓手,它可将外科医生的动作转换传递到手术器械的尖端.内置模拟手腕系统（EndoWrist）技术可使机械手进行上下左右旋转等七个自由度的连续动作,超过了人手在开放手术时的灵活性.本组17例患者包括重症肌无力12例（其中胸腺瘤3例）、膈疝1例、食管癌2例、肺大泡1例、肺癌1例.结果 总共17例手术14例完全用机器人做完,12例胸腺和胸腺瘤切除,1例膈疝修补,1例肺大泡切除;2例食管癌患者腹部用机器人行胃游离及腹部淋巴清扫加胸部小切口;1例左肺上叶切除术近结束时,由于出血,及时转为开胸手术.患者术后均恢复平稳.结论 机器人不开胸可以做儿乎所有类型的胸科手术,安全可靠,效果确实,尤其在行胸腺切除时优势明显.有胸科开放及腔镜手术经验的医生及其它操作人员短期培训即可胜任工作,但是,要注意选择患者,并有紧急开胸的准备,以保证患者的安全.

Objective The goal of this report was to evaluate the applicability of the da Vinci S surgical system in thoracic surgery.Methods The da Vinci S surgical system consists of a console, a patient cart, and a vision system.The patient cart loading with 3 robot arms and 1 central endoscope arm connects the console which commands the movements of the arm tips.The robot arm tips are introduced via small chest wall ports and attached to the arms of the robot.The surgeon, sitting at the console, manipulates highly sensitive sensors that transfer the surgeon＇s movements to the arm tips.The so called EndoWrist＇technology offers up , down, left, right, and twist, seven degrees of movements, thus exceeding the capacity of a surgeon＇s hand in open surgery.17 intrathoracic lesion cases, including 12 Myasthenia Gravis, 1 diaphragm hernia, 2 esophageal cancer, 1 pulmonary cancer , 1 pneumothorax, were evaluated for clinical application of the da Vinci S surgical system.Results Out of 17 surgical procedures, 14 procedures were done using the robot from beginning to the end, including 12 thymectomies, 1 diaphragm hernia repair, 1 pulmonary bleb dissection.Only gastric mobilizations, the abdominal part procedures were done using the da Vinci S system, and the thoracic part procedures were done through small incision thoracotomy in 2 cases with esophageal cancer.One resection of left upper lobectomy had to be converted due to surgical problem.The postoperative courses were uneventful.Conclusion The da Vinci operating robot can do nearly all kinds of thoracic operations.Advanced general thoracic procedures can be performed safely and effectively with the da Vinci S robot allowing precise dissection.This benefit becomes evident most elegantly in thymectomies.The robot operation procedures can be done by the doctors with open and assisted thoracopic surgery experiences and other personnels getting trained in a short period of time, but case selection and preparing emergency thoracotomy at any time is needed to ensure the patient safety.