花椒种子贮藏方式及处理技术研究

Study on the Storage Methods and Treatments of Seed of Zhanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim

2003～2009年以峨山县大龙潭乡花椒品种"麻到底"的种子为试材,研究了贮藏方式对花椒种子寿命的影响,以及不同处理方法对花椒种子萌发和成苗的影响。结果表明:自然风干贮藏的花椒种子发芽率一直呈快速下降趋势,贮藏8个月后发芽率降为0;而湿沙贮藏的种子贮藏到第7个月时发芽率达最高,之后种子发芽率快速下降。花椒种子经过去油脂、酸蚀种壳和赤霉素浸种催芽后,可大幅度提高种子的发芽率。其中,以碱水去油脂+500 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽和浓硫酸浸种5～10 min+500 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽较有利于花椒种子的萌发,能将种子的发芽率提高到56.78%～72.35%;用碱水去油脂+250 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽、浓硫酸浸种5 min+500 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽、浓硫酸浸种10 min+250 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽较有利于花椒种子的成苗,但成苗率与发芽率峰值存在较大的偏差。较高浓度赤霉素催芽时发芽率高,但不及较低浓度催芽的成苗率高。

The effects of storage methods on the seed longevity of Zhanthoxylum bungeanum cv Madaodi from Dalongtan Town,Eshan County,and that of seed treatments on the germination and seedling were studied.The results showed that the germination rate of seed stored after natural air drying decreased rapidly,which was 0 after eight months.The germination rate of seed stored in wet sand reached the highest in the seventh months.The germination rate could be 56.78%-72.35% through the treatment of removing oil in seed by detergent,etching seed shell by concentrated sulfuric acid for 5-10 min,and soaking and pregermination in 500 mg/L GA3.The effects of removing oil in seed by detergent＋soaking and pregermination in concentrated sulfuric acid for 5 min,soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid for 5 min＋ soaking and pregermination in 500 mg/L GA3,and soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid for 10 min＋ soaking and pregermination in 250 mg/L GA3 on seedling were better.The germination rate with concentrated GA3 was high,while the seedling rate was low.