声矢量传感器线阵的左右舷分辨

Left-right resolution of acoustic vector sensor line arrays

声矢量传感器由声压传感器和惯性传感器复合而成,可同时测量声场一点处的声压标量和质点振速矢量的各正交分量,为解决传统声压水听器线阵固有的左右舷模糊难题提供了新的方法和手段.利用声矢量传感器线阵指向性函数研究了3种常规波束形成器的左右舷抑制比,然后简要分析了MVDR波束形成器的左右舷抑制比.理论分析和海试结果均表明:1)左右舷抑制比除了都不可避免地与信噪比有关之外,相比于具有一定左右舷分辨能力的声压水听器多线阵和三元组声压水听器线阵,声矢量传感器线阵的左右舷分辨性能主要取决于与频率无关的矢量传感器阵元指向性;2)声矢量传感器线阵MVDR波束形成器的左右舷分辨性能大大优于常规波束形成器.

An acoustic vector sensor（AVS） combines a pressure hydrophone with inertial sensors.It can simultaneously measure pressure scalar and orthogonal components of a particle velocity vector at a given point in a sound field.This provides new methods and means for solving left/right ambiguities intrinsic in pressure hydrophone linear arrays.In this paper,we first studied the left-to-right suppression ratio（LRSR） of the three conventional beamformers using an AVS line array＇s directivity functions.The LRSR was then briefly analyzed for a minimum variance distortionless response（MVDR） beamformer.Both theoretical analysis and results from sea trials showed that the LRSR significantly relates to the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）,but mostly rests with directivity of the AVS array element.This contrasts with multi-line and triplet arrays,which possess more or less certain left-right resolution.In addition,the LRSR of an MVDR beamformer for an AVS line array significantly excels those of conventional beamformers.