公路经营企业交通噪声污染损害民事责任探析

Analysis on Civil Liability of Highway Enterprises Resulting from Harmfulness of Traffic Noise Pollution

公路经营企业应对道路交通噪声污染损害承担环境侵权责任。污染损害可归责的程度应以医学观察的可证明性为界限,在违法性和损害事实考量中,环境标准均非所问。公路经营企业的责任形式主要包括排除危害和赔偿损失。基于环境侵权的利益衡量原则,一般不宜直接判令采取公路关闭或改道等形式排除危害,而应适用设置隔声屏障、种植绿化林带、进行交通管制等调和性的＂部分排除侵害＂责任形式。在＂先有路后有房＂情景下,公路经营企业是否承担责任因受害人迁入公害时主观方面的不同而不同。受害人明知或已经预见到有遭受噪声污染的危险,且无正当理由而自愿、故意承受危险致害者,公路经营企业得根据自甘冒险原则请求拒绝排除危害、免除赔偿或减少赔偿额。

Highway enterprises should bear the environmental tortious liability resulting from damages of traffic noise pollution.The responsible degree of damages should be limited by the provability of medical inspection.In the considerations of illegality and harmful facts,the environmental standards were not concerned.The forms of liability mainly include removing harmfulness and compensation for the losses.Based on the principle of interest balance,normally harmonic measures such as installing acoustic barriers,planting forest zone and traffic control should be adopted to remove the harmfulness partially other than measures such as closing the high way or changing the route.In the cases of ＂houses built after road construction＂,liability of the highway enterprises depends on the subjective cognizance of the victims.If the victims had known or had foreseen the harmful noise pollution before,they still had decided at their own for house construction,the enterprises can refuse to remove harmfulness and refuse or reduce the compensation in accordance with the principle of ＂assumption of risk＂.