中枢神经系统核苷酸信号与小胶质细胞活动

Nucleotide signals in the central nervous system and microglial movements

小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的免疫细胞。当脑组织微环境发生变化时,小胶质细胞迅速做出反应,损伤区细胞释放的ATP、UTP等核苷酸信号及它们的代谢产物ADP、腺苷、UDP等通过与小胶质细胞上相应的嘌呤受体结合改变小胶质细胞的形态和功能,这些被核苷酸信号作用的小胶质细胞进一步通过发挥吞噬功能或者释放细胞因子对神经细胞起到重要调节作用。该文对核苷酸信号在小胶质细胞趋化、吞噬、突起回缩等过程中的作用及相关机制进行了综述。

Microglia cells are immune cells in the central nervous system.When the microenvironment of brain has changed,microglia will respond rapidly.ATP,UTP,or other nucleotide signals released by neurons from damaged site and their metabolites such as ADP,adenosine,UDP and so on will bind with the purinergic receptors on microglia to regulate the morphology and function of microglia,then the microglial cells activated by nucleotide signals are to regulate neural cells by phagocytosis or releasing cytokines.In this article,the function and corresponding mechanisms of nucleotide signals on chemotaxis,phagocytosis,and process retraction are reviewed.