气候变暖对信阳地区水稻生育期的影响

Effect of Climate Warming on Rice Growing Stages in Xinyang

利用1961-2008年信阳气象站气象资料和1981-2007年信阳农业气象试验站水稻生育期观测资料,分析了气候变暖对信阳地区水稻生育期的影响。结果表明:信阳地区近48a年平均气温整体呈上升趋势,但具有明显的阶段特征,1981年之前温度总体呈降低趋势,而1981年之后(含1981年)温度呈显著上升趋势;水稻生长季内4-5月变暖趋势最为显著,平均温度、最高温度和最低温度均显著上升,其它时段变暖趋势不明显。4-5月温度的显著升高使水稻播种和移栽日期呈显著提前的变化趋势;另一方面,由于生长季中后期温度变化不明显,水稻抽穗和成熟日期无显著变化,造成水稻移栽-抽穗期显著延长。播种期和移栽期提前,有利于水稻早生快发,培育适龄壮秧,移栽-抽穗期延长可相应延长水稻穗分化时间,有利于大穗的形成和产量的提高。

Based on meteorological data from 1961 to 2008 of Xinyang meteorological station and rice phonological data from 1981 to 2007 of Xinyang agro-meteorological experimental station,the effects of climate warming on rice growth stage in Xinyang area was analyzed.The results showed that annual average temperature increased in last 48 years,especially after 1981.Temperature increased significantly in April to May during rice growing season,resulted in rice sowing and transplanting date advancing,which was benefit to early emergence and strong seedlings.However,the temperature did not change lot during the mid-and-late growing season,resulted in the duration from transplanting to heading extending,which was benefit to prolong the period of panicle initiation and formation for large panicle and yield improvement.