海南省2008年狂犬病流行因素分析

Analysis of factors associated with prevalence of rabies in Hainan Province in 2008.

目的调查海南省2008年狂犬病发病急剧上升的原因,为制定有效的防制对策提供科学依据。方法对海南省2008年各市、县(区)上报的狂犬病病例个案调查表进行分析。结果海南省2008年狂犬病发病108例,发病率为1.28/10万;疫情波及11个市县,陵水县发病率最高为4.11/10万,琼中县发病率最低为0.53/10万,发病率各市县间差异有统计学意义;男女发病数之比为2.09:1,男性发病率为1.64/10万,女性发病率为0.88/10万;70岁以上年龄组发病率最高为4.93/10万;夏秋季发病较多。结论应加强狂犬病防治知识宣传,规范暴露后伤口处理和注射狂犬病疫苗接种及人源免疫球蛋白使用,加强犬只的"管、免、灭",以遏制狂犬病的流行。

Aim To analyze the cause of a sharp increase in the incidence of rabies and provide a scientific basis for formulation of effective control measures. Methods Rabies cases reported by all cities and counties （districts） in Hainan Province in 2008 were surveyed by using epidemiological methods. Results There 108 rabies were reported in 11 cities and counties of the province with an incidence of 1.28/100,000, being the highest in Lingshui County （4.11/100,000） and the lowest in Qiongzhong County （0.53/100,000）. The ratios of males to females was 2.09：1. The incidence in the age group of overt 70 years old was as high as 4.93/100,000. The incidence was lower in winter and spring, and higher in summer and autumn. Conclustion The propaganda of prevention and treatment of rabies should be strengthened to educate the target groups for prevention of those bitten by dogs and the injured to deal with the wounds properly and in time in addition to injection of rabies vaccine and human immunoglobulin. Besides comprehensive preventive and control measures be adopted for managemnt of dogs and reducing the incidence rate of rabies in this provine.