2004～2008年深圳市龙岗区出生缺陷监测情况分析

An analysis of birth defects monitoring report in Longgang district of Shenzhen in a period from 2004 to 2008

目的 了解近年深圳市龙岗区围产儿出生缺陷发生率及其变化情况,为制定干预措施提供参考依据.方法 按照国家出生缺陷监测方案,对2004～2008年深圳市龙岗区26家产科医院出生的围产儿进行监测,并对监测资料进行统计分析.结果 2004～2008年共计监测围产儿138 188例,出生缺陷共1 829例,出生缺陷发生率为13.24‰,2004～2007年出生缺陷发生率呈逐年上升趋势,但差异无统计学意义（χ^25.21,P=0.16）;流动人口的出生缺陷发生率高于常住人口的发生率,其差异有统计学意义（χ^211.71,P〈0.01）;前5位出生缺陷依次为先天性心脏病（15.42%）、多指（趾）（15.25%）、唇裂并腭裂（6.23%）、马蹄内翻足（6.18%）、外耳畸形（6.12%）;出生缺陷中的死胎、死产导致死亡构成比呈下降趋势（χ^231.24,P〈0.01）,新生儿存活构成比则呈上升趋势（χ^225.04,P〈0.01）.结论 加强出生缺陷监测工作,采取综合干预措施,有效降低出生缺陷的发生率.

Objective To investigate prevalence of perinatal birth defects and its change trend in Longgang district of Shenzhen in a period from 2004 to 2008, so as to provide basis for working out interventions. Methods According to national birth defect monitoring program, the perinatal infants in 26 obstetrical hospitals from 2004 to 2008 in Longgang district, Shenzhen city were monitored, and the monitoring data were analyzed. Results From 2004 to 2008, 138 188 perinatal infants in Longgang district of Shenzhen city were monitored, of which 1 829 birth defects were found, and prevalence of birth defects was 13.24%o and showed a rising tendency from 2004 to 2007 but there was no statistically significant difference（x^2 = 5.21, P = 0.16）. The prevalence of birth defects in the floating population was higher than that in permanent resident population, the difference was statistically significant （x^2 = 11.71, P 〈 0.01 ）. The top five birth defects were congenital heart disease （15.42% ）, polydactyly （15.25 % ）, cleft lip or/and cleft palate （6.23 % ）, talipes equinovarus （6.18% ） and external ear malformation（6. 12% ）. The constituent ratio of fetal death or stillbirth showed a declining tendency（x^2 =31.24, P 〈0.01 ）, while the neonatal survival rate showed a rising tendency（x^2 = 25.04, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Strengthening birth defect monitoring, and adopting an integrated interventions can effectively reduce the prevalence of birth defects.