德国研究型大学向创业型大学转型的改革——基于慕尼黑工业大学的分析

Transition of German Research University: from Research University to Entrepreneurial University Based on Analysis of Technical University of Munich (TUM)

作为德国高等教育系统重要组成部分的研究型大学，是德国开发科技人力资源、创生卓越成果的重要基地。在高等教育竞争日趋激烈的背景下，德国研究型大学面临巨大挑战，并正在进行着实质性变革。慕尼黑工业大学以创建创业型大学为目标，有效利用政府支持，不断开发各种校外资源，充分挖掘内部潜力，完整地践行了克拉克的创业型大学理念。

As an important part of German higher education system, research universities are important bases to conduct HRST development and create outstanding innovations in Germany. In an increasingly competitive context of higher education, the German research universities are facing enormous challenges, and have been experiencing substantive changes. Technical University of Munich （TUM） aims to create an entrepreneurial university, makes effective use of government support, constantly develops a variety of external resources, fully excavates its potential, and completely fulfills Clark＇s concept of entrepreneurial university.