古麇地出土青铜器合金技术与金相组织分析

Study on the Microstructure and Alloy Technology of Bronzes Excavated from the Ancient Jun District

利用金相显微镜、XRF等方法分析了郧县五峰乡乔家院墓群出土部分青铜器样品。此批青铜器合金配比中,容器的含锡量比兵器低;而工具、兵器的含铅量要低于容器。对强度、硬度要求较高的样品(如剑等),合金配制中几乎不加铅,而加入较高的锡;对需要进行锻打成形的样品则严格采用低铅用量,适度控制锡含量。同时,对含锡量中等的青铜削刀(Sn 12.83%),古代工匠将热处理、冷加工等加工工艺与合金配比结合起来,制成了性能更为优良的工具。另外,XRF分析指出,12件铸造成型的青铜容器均具有非常高的铅含量。分析表明,古麇地出土青铜器的合金技术较高,此时对合金规律有了深刻的认识。

In this paper some bronzes, which were excavated from Qiaojiayuan tombs, are analyzed. From metallographic and XRF analyses, it is found that the conten of Pb is higher in bronze vessels, while another component Sn is lower. Some artifacts, such as sword, which needs high intensity and rigidity, contain few Pb, and some forged artifacts contain little Pb. The ancient blacksmith forged and did heat treatment on the bronze blade in order to improve its intensity and rigidity. The results indicate that, the alloy technology of these bronzes was at a higher level. And the blacksmith was profoundly cognizant of the law of alloy.