小说《宠儿》中的话语对抗与主体动态重建

The confrontation of discourses and the dynamic construction of subjectivity in Beloved

主体性是黑人文学探讨的一个重要主题,莫里森的小说《宠儿》深刻揭示了话语与主体性的辩证关系。在经济和政治领域处于对抗的奴隶主与奴隶两大阶级,分别采取不同的话语形式,以期建立不同的话语秩序。奴隶主叙述以书写性文本为表述模式,巩固其权力并消解奴隶主体性。另一方面,奴隶们选择植根于黑人口头传统的口语性文本,与书写性文本形成对抗。莫里森将源于黑人口传文化的召唤—回应模式融入了小说创作,不仅使奴隶叙述成为一个具有开放性、平等性、参与性、即兴性等特点的口语性文本,而且促成了奴隶叙述文本之间、奴隶个体之间的动态多重互动,奴隶最终得以重建主体性。

Subjectivity is one of the major topics in Afro-American literature.The novel Beloved profoundly reveals the dialetical relations between discouse and subjectivity.Being confronted economically and peotically,the masters and the slaves take different forms of discourses in order to establish different oders of discourse.The master narrative takes written text as its narrative form not only to consolidate its power and ideology but to deconstruct the slave＇s subjectivity.On the other hand,slaves employ the oral text grounded in Afro-American oral culture and enter into the confrontation with masters＇ written text.Morrison adaptes call-and-response to her fiction so as not only to creat an open,equal,participatory and improvisatory oral text but promote multi-dimentional dynamic reactions among slave narrations and among individual slaves.In the process of reactions,the slaves finally reconstruct their subjectivities.