行人穿越马路对交通流的影响

Effects of Pedestrians Crossing on Urban Road Traffic Flow

结合交通心理学理论,在科学分析人为因素特征(如习惯性、随机性、从众心理等)的基础上,建立了行人乱穿马路行为的元胞自动机模型,数值模拟探讨了行人在一个位置和多个位置穿马路时交通运行状态与人为因素大小的参数之间的关系,重点研究了过街频率、过街位置分布、过街位置数目对交通流的影响.结果表明:基本图上存在饱和流量平台,其饱和流量值主要取决于行人过马路的时间和过街频率.在总穿越时间和总等待时间一定的情况下,穿越频率的提高扩大了饱和流量对应的密度范围,特别在高密度区,单次过马路时间的延长将显著降低道路的实际通行能力;过街位置是否均匀分布对交通几乎没影响;一般而言,相同条件下,让行人分散几处过马路要优于行人集中一处花费长时间过马路.

Incorporating traffic psychology,the walking characteristics such as customary activity,randomness,conformity and tendency were analyzed.A modified cellular automaton（CA） model based on the NaSch model was proposed to simulate the typical reckless jaywalking.The relationship between the traffic states and weight of human factor under different cases including the reckless jaywalking at a fixed position and other stochastic positions were investigated,respectively.Furthermore,the influence of crossing frequency,distribution of crossing position and the number of crossing positions on traffic flow were explored.The numerical simulation results show that the saturated flow plateau appears when the reckless jaywalking is considered.The value of saturated flow is mainly dependent on the crossing time and crossing frequency.For the constant total crossing time and time interval for the next crossing,the increase of crossing frequency expands the density range corresponding to the saturated flow,especially in crowed areas,the increase of single crossing time can decrease the actual capacity of road obviously.Whether the distribution of the crossing positions is uniform or not has little influence on traffic.And generally speaking,under the same conditions,a decentralized crossing at several positions is superior to a centralized crossing at a single position with a long time.