北京市怀柔区职业人群健康素养调查

Investigation on Health Literacy of Occupational Population in Huairou District of Beijing

目的掌握北京市怀柔区职业人群健康素养水平,探索职业人群健康素养的影响因素,为政府制定卫生政策和干预策略提供依据。方法采取多阶段整群随机抽样的方法抽取在单位任职3个月以上的、在北京居住达半年以上、年龄15～69岁的常住职业人口551人作为被调查对象进行问卷调查。调查内容主要包括基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能等。结果该区职业人群具备健康素养的总体水平为6.4%。从健康素养的3个内容来看,具备基本知识理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能的人口比例分别为18.0%、5.6%、13.4%;职业人群具备5类健康问题的相关素养比例由高到低分别是科学健康观45.2%、安全与急救素养25.2%、传染病预防与素养18.9%、基本医疗素养3.4%、慢性病预防素养2.0%。批发和零售行业人群健康素养水平为0.4%;<20岁年龄组健康素养水平为0.5%、>40岁年龄组人群健康素养水平为零;6个问题的正确回答率低于20%。结论该区职业人群健康素养水平很低,应大力推进健康促进与健康教育工作,开拓提高职业人群健康素养水平的思路和方法,提高健康素养水平需要职业人群自身的参与,逐步提高全民健康素养水平。

[Objective]To understand the health literacy levels of occupational population in Huairou district of Beijing,explore the influencing factors of health literacy,and provide the basis for making health policies and intervention strategies.[Methods]551 residents at the age of 15-69 years old,who had been in the office of the company more than 3 months and had been lived in Beijing more than half a year,were selected as investigation object by multistage cluster random sampling method,and the questionnaire survey was conducted.The survey contents included basic knowledge and concepts,healthy lifestyles and behavior,and basic skills.[Results]The overall level of health literacy among occupational population in this district was 6.4%.The percentage of people who knew the basic knowledge and concepts,healthy lifestyles and behavior,and basic skills was 18.0%,5.6% and 13.4%,respectively.The percentage of people who had the literacy related to five kinds of health problems in descending order were as follows：scientific health viewpoint of 45.2%,literacy for safety and first aid of 25.2%,infectious disease prevention and literacy of 18.9%,basic health literacy of 3.4%,and literacy for chronic disease prevention of 2.0%.The level of health literacy among people in wholesale and retail trade was 0.4%.The level of health literacy in under 20 years old group and over 40 years-old group was 0.5% and 0 respectively.The correct rate of six questions was less than 20%.[Conclusion]The health literacy level among occupational population in this district is very low.The health promotion and health education should be promoted vigorously,the ideas and methods for improving the health literacy level among occupational population should be developed,and participation of occupational population will be helpful to improve the health literacy,so as to improve the national health literacy level.