铁路重点部门职工自测健康与抑郁焦虑情绪的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis between Self-rated Health and Depression and Anxiety of Railway Workers in Key Sectors

目的了解铁路重点部门职工自测健康与抑郁、焦虑情绪的相关性,为保护铁路重点部门职工的身心健康,确保铁路行车安全提供依据。方法用自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)、自评抑郁量表(SDS)、Zung焦虑自计量表(SAS)作为测评工具,对石家庄铁路地区电力机务段机车乘务员、客运段客运乘务员、车站客运员共1637人进行现场调查和测试。结果不同部门自测健康的3个子量表得分及自测健康量表总分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。心理健康子量表得分、社会健康子量表得分机务段与客运段、机务段与车站差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);客运段与车站差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。自测健康总分及各子量表得分均以机车乘务员最低,列车乘务员最高。调查对象有抑郁情绪的有1005人(61.39%),抑郁标准得分为53.16±12.59;有焦虑情绪的有777人(47.46%),焦虑标准得分为50.10±13.95。不同部门职工抑郁与焦虑情绪的总分布差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3个部门两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抑郁和焦虑情绪均以机车乘务员最高,列车乘务员最低。3个部门职工中有抑郁、焦虑情绪与无抑郁、无焦虑情绪者的自测健康各维度的得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着抑郁情绪的加重,各子量表各维度的得分呈逐渐下降趋势。多元线性回归分析显示各量表得分与部门均相关;自测健康评定量表总分与性别、受教育程度呈正相关(P<0.05),与婚姻、抑郁、焦虑呈不同程度的负相关(P<0.05)。生理健康子量表得分与性别、受教育程度呈正相关(P<0.05),与年龄、婚姻、抑郁和焦虑情绪呈不同程度的负相关(P<0.05);心理健康子量表得分、社会健康子量表得分均与年龄、性别、受教育程度呈正相关(P<0.05),与婚姻、抑郁和焦虑情绪呈不同程度的负相关(P<0.05)。结论铁路重点部门职工身心健康较差,自测健康与抑郁、焦虑情绪有关。

[Objective]To understand the correlation between self-rated health and depression and anxiety of railway workers in key sectors,to protect their physical and mental health,and provide evidence for ensuring the safety of the railway.[Methods]Self-rated health measurement scale （SRHMS）,Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）,Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） were adopted as measurement tools.On-site investigation and test were performed on 1637 attendants in electric locomotive depot and passenger transportation depot,and passenger clerks in station.[Results]The scores of 3 self-rated health subscales and the total score of self-rated health scales were different between different departments（P〈0.05）.Mental health subscale scores,social health subscale scores between passenger depot,locomotive depot and station were significant （P〈0.05）;the difference between passenger depot and station was not significant（P〈0.05）.The total score of self-rated health scales and the scores of subscales were highest in attendants of locomotive and lowest in attendants of train.Totally 1005 attendants （61.39%）had depression,the standard scores of depression were 53.16±12.59;a total of 777 attendants （47.46%） had anxiety,the standard scores of anxiety were 50.10±13.95.The differences of total distribution of depression and anxiety between attendants in different sectors were significant （P〈0.05）;the differences between 3 sectors were significant（P〈0.05）.Both depression and anxiety scores were highest in attendants of locomotive and lowest in attendants of train.Self-rated health scores in each dimension between attendants with depression and anxiety and attendants without depression and anxiety in the 3 sectors were all significant （P〈0.05）;with the increase of depression,the score of each dimension of each sub-scale decreased gradually.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the scores were associated with the sector;the total score of self-rated health was positively correlated with gender and educational level （P〈0.05）,and was negatively correlated with marriage,depression and anxiety in various degrees （P〈0.05）.Physical health subscale scores were positively correlated with gender and educational level （P〈0.05）,and were negatively correlated with age,marriage,depression and anxiety in various degrees （P〈0.05）.Mental and social health subscale scores were positively correlated with age,gender and educational level （P〈0.05）,and were negatively correlated with marriage,depression and anxiety in various degrees （P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]Physical and mental health of railway workers in key sectors are poor.And the self-rated health relates with depression and anxiety.