霍乱疫苗鼠疫疫苗研制的先驱哈夫金

The Pioneer of Cholera Vaccine and Plague Vaccine-Haffkine

沃尔德马·莫迪凯·哈夫金（1860-1930），犹太细菌学家，生于乌克兰敖德萨。1884年获得敖德萨大学科学博士学位，1889年进人巴黎巴斯德研究所工作。曾先后致力于研制霍乱疫苗与鼠疫疫苗，经自身试验后，在英属印度推行大规模的人群试验，证明相对安全有效并推广使用，挽救了众多生命。1902年，因马考魏事件，哈夫金被误判承担污染鼠疫疫苗之责，在1907年得到澄清，被誉称为“犹太人的琴纳”。

Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine（1860-1930） , a Jewish bacteriologist , was born in Odessa, Ukraine. He got the doctor＇s degree of science of Odessa University in 1884 and entered the Pasteur Institute in 1889. Then he successively committed himself to developing cholera vaccine and plague vaccine. After testing them to himself, he set up extensive field trials in British India to prove the safety and efficacy. Further inoculation saved many lives. Later he was accused for the contamination of plague vaccine in Mulkowal Disaster in 1902, and finally exonerated in 1907. Haffkine was hailed as ＂Jewish Jenner＂