吸烟小鼠呼吸道上皮凋亡与增殖间的关系

The Relationship between Apoptosis and Proliferation on Epithelium of Respiratory Tract in Smoking Mice

利用脱氧核糖核酸末端转移酶介导的ｄＵＴＰ缺口末端标记（ＴＵＮＥＬ）技术、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）免疫组织化学染色对不同阶段吸烟小鼠呼吸道粘膜上皮凋亡细胞、增殖细胞的阳性细胞率与分布进行检测，并结合电镜的形态学观察对照研究。结果：正常呼吸道粘膜上皮凋亡细胞位于表层、增殖细胞带位于基底部，而吸烟小鼠丧失了上述分布特征。小鼠吸烟４周时，呼吸道上皮凋亡细胞和增殖细胞阳性率均明显高于未吸烟正常对照组。吸烟８周时，凋亡细胞和增殖细胞阳性率与吸烟４周时相比明显减少。吸烟１２周时，凋亡细胞明显增多，而增殖细胞明显减少。结论：吸烟小鼠呼吸道上皮开始不仅存在大量细胞凋亡而且出现活跃的细胞增殖，随着吸烟时间延长，呼吸道上皮以细胞凋亡占优势。

TUNEL technique and PCNA immuno histochemical staining were used to examine the percentage of positive cells and distribution of apoptotic cells, proliferating cells in respiratory epithelium of smoking mice with different stages. Meanwhile, the morphological changes in the epithelial cells observed by electron microscopy were comparatively studied. The results showed that the zone of apoptotic cells located in superfices and zone of proliferating cells in base in normal mucosa of respiratory tract, but these characteristics of distribution were disappeared in smoking mice. Percentage of postive cells of apoptosis and proliferation in the respiratory epithelium after smoking for 4 weeks was significantly higher than that in normal control. After smoking for 8 weeks, it was significantly lower than that after smoking for 4 weeks. After smoking for 12 weeks apoptotic cells were increased and proliferating cells decreased significantly. It was concluded that the respiratory epithelium in smoking mice not only had large apoptosis, but also active proliferation. As the smoking time went on, the cells had highly apoptosis predominated, presenting that cellular injury was more severe and the capacity of regenerative repair was weaker.