道家思想对现代科技发展的启示

Enlightenment of Taoism on the Development of the Modern Science and Technology

科学技术在使人类生活更加富裕舒适的同时,却又给人类社会带来种种危机甚至是彻底毁灭的危险。如何理解并解决现代科学技术发展所面临的困境,中国道家思想中有这样一些观念颇具启示和借鉴价值:一、科技只能为人类幸福服务而不能与这一终极目的相冲突。二、科技只能"辅自然"而不能与自然规律相违背。三、运用人类已有的科技知识来判断探求"所不知"的风险并采取相应的对策,而不宜一味盲目地追求科技进步。四、重视科技对人性的异化。五、不讲道德而只知发展科技会引发天下大乱,而且该问题不能由科技本身来解决。六、如果不改善人类普遍的病态人生观,那么科技必将对人类害多利少。七、人类的生命、精力及财富等都是有限的,发展科技应量力而行而不可过于"贪婪"。八、科学是对万事万物分门别类进行深入研究,是对整体的割裂,因此必须往而知返、离而知合。九、人类道德水准必须高于科技水平或至少与之保持平衡,否则必将给人类带来危害。

Though the science and technology can make human life more prosperous and comfortable,it also may bring out various crises and even the danger of complete destruction of the human society.On how to understand and address the problems confronted by the development of modern science and technology,there are some concepts in Chinese Taoism that are of enlightening and reference value.First,science and technology can only serve for human welfare and not be in conflict with this ultimate goal.Second,science and technology can only ＂aid nature＂ rather than run counter to the laws of nature.Third,the existing scientific and technical knowledge of mankind should be used to determine and search for the ＂unknown＂ risks and take appropriate countermeasures instead of pursuing the scientific and technological progress blindly.Fourth,attention should be paid to alienation on the human nature by the science and technology.Fifth,the mere development of science and technology without morality will lead to chaos,which can not be resolved by the technology itself.Sixth,if the universal human morbid outlook on life is not to be improved,the science and technology will do more harm than good to human.Seventh,the development of science and technology should be carried out within our capabilities and the ＂excessive pursuit＂ of it should be avoided because human＇s life,energy and wealth are limited.Eighth,science is used to carry out the in-depth study on everything in categories,which is a separation of the whole,therefore it is necessary to stick to the principle of ＂Integrity of science＂.Ninth,the human moral standard must be higher than or at least be maintained equivalent to the scientific and technological level,otherwise it will definitely cause harm to mankind.