自然开放度、政策导向开放度与劳动生产率提升——理论和基于中国省际面板数据的实证研究

Natural Openness,Policy-oriented Openness and Improving Labor Productivity——a Study Based on China's Interprovincial Panel Data

本文以李嘉图模型为基础,分析了贸易开放对提升中国劳动生产率的效应。本文使用1994-2005年间中国省际面板数据,就贸易开放对提升中国劳动生产率水平所产生的效应进行了实证研究。本文得出两个重要的分析结果:第一,贸易开放可以通过比较优势来确定一国专业化产品的生产,如果一国的比较优势存在于"干中学"系数较大的部门,贸易开放将提高劳动生产率;但若一国的比较优势存在于"干中学"系数较小的部门,贸易开放将降低劳动生产率;第二,本文将贸易开放度分解为自然开放度和政策导向开放度,结果发现,当自然开放度较小时,政策导向开放度的增加将降低劳动生产率;当自然开放度较大时,政策开放度的增加将提高劳动生产率水平。

Based on a Ricardian trade model,this paper analyses the effect of trade openness on China's labor productivity.It uses China's inter-provincial panel data through 1994-2005 to conduct an empirical study on the effect of the way trade openness improves China's labor productivity.We have two major results.First,trade openness can determine specialization of production of a country through comparative advantage.If the comparative advantage of a country lies in the sector with higher learning-by-doing coefficient,trade openness will enhance the labor productivity;if the comparative advantage of a country lies in the sector with a lower learning-by-doing coefficient,trade openness will decrease the labor productivity.Second,this paper divides trade openness into natural openness and policy-oriented openness.We found that when natural openness is relatively low,policy-oriented openness will reduce labor productivity while policy-oriented openness will raise labor productivity when natural openness was relative high.