水平轴变桨距风机叶轮的空气动力学分析

Aerodynamic Analysis of Horizontal-Axis Pitch-Variable Wind Turbine

为研究风力机叶片的空气动力学特性,采用自由尾涡方法和升力面理论建立了描述风力机叶片周围气体流动和风力机特性的数学模型.引入涡系与叶片之间的诱导速度,对数学模型进行数值求解,得到尖速比与功率系数、风速与功率系数的关系曲线,并与实验数据进行比较.结果表明,计算结果与实验数据具有很好的一致性.与CFD计算相比,自由尾涡方法节省计算成本,并具有工程上可接受的计算精度,可为风场选择及风力机控制系统增速比设计提供参考.

A mathematic model based on free trailing vortex theory and lifting-surface theory was developed to describe the ambient airflow by blades and characteristics of wind turbine so as to investigate the aerodynamic behavior of a wind turbine blade.A numerical solution to the model was carried out to obtain the relationship between tip velocity ratio and power coefficient as well as that between wind velocity and power coefficient by introducing the induced velocity between the blades and vortices.Compared with experimental data,it was found that the theoretical results conform basically with the experimental results.Further,compared with the CFD（computational fluid dynamics） method,the free trailing vortex method would get acceptable computational accuracy at lower cost.The results are therefore regarded as available to select the wind turbine position in a wind field and optimize the design of wind turbine control system.