哈萨克语中的汉语借词

On Chinese Loan Words in Kazak

哈萨克族先民很早就与汉民族有密切的接触交流,而且是以经济为纽带的全面和谐的全方位交流。最早的古突厥语文献中就已经出现了汉语借词。20世纪20年代以前哈萨克语吸收汉语词主要是通过口语进行的,尔后在主要通过书面语借入汉语词语时,都必须符合哈萨克语的语音规则和构词规律。哈萨克语中不同时期的汉语借词具有不同的文化特征,反映了汉、哈两个民族历史上在政治、经济、文化等方面的交流与互动。汉语借词在丰富哈萨克语的词汇的同时,也在影响着哈萨克族语言、文化的变化和发展。

The Kazak people maintained a close contact long ago with the Han Chinese people, a contact that is all-round, economy- oriented. Loans from the Chinese language can be found in old Turkie language documents. Before 1920s, Chinese words found their way into the Kazak language mainly orally. When loans came into the Kazak language in writing, they must eonform to its phonetic and morphological rules. Chinese words borrowed in different periods of history take on varying cultural characteristics, which proves the exchanges and interactions in history between the two peoples in areas of polities, eeonomy and eulture. While the Chinese loans enrich the Kazak vocabulary, they also influence the changes and development of the Kazak language and eulture.