甘肃平凉麻武山土壤纤毛虫群落特征

Community characteristics of soil ciliates in Mawushan Mountain of Pingliang,Gansu

2007年8月—2008年10月,对甘肃太统-崆峒山自然保护区中麻武山地区不同生境的土壤纤毛虫群落特征进行了研究,共鉴定到土壤纤毛虫69种,隶属3纲10目27科37属69种,其中包括1个未定名种,1个中国土壤纤毛虫新纪录种。在4种不同类型的生境中,土壤纤毛虫物种的分布情况为:针叶林35种、沙棘灌丛28种、沙棘灌丛-草坡过渡带42种、农田20种。在该地区土壤纤毛虫群落中,肾形目、下毛目和前口目为优势类群。刚毛胃纤虫(Homalogastra setosa)、珍珠映毛虫(Cinetochilum margaritaceum)、巧篮口虫(Nassula elegans)、苔藓嗜腐虫(Sathrophilus muscorum)、粘游仆虫(Euplotes muscicola)和衣鱼瘦尾虫(Uroleptus lepisma)为优势种。4种生境的Gleason-Margalef物种多样性指数依次为4.54、3.55、4.94和2.63。结果表明,在不同土壤类型和植被类型下,纤毛虫物种多样性和群落结构有很大差异,而且随着人类活动干扰强度的增大,土壤纤毛虫的群落结构趋于简单化。

From August 2007 to October 2008, an investigation was made on the community characteristics of soil ciliates in different habitats in Mawushan Mountain of Gansu Taitong-Kongtongshan National Nature Reserve. A total of 69 species belonging to 37 genera of 27 families from 10 orders of 3 classes were identified, including one unnamed species and one new record in China. There were 35 species distributed in coniferous forest, 28 species in Hippophae rhamnoides shrubland, 42 species in the ecotone of H. rhamnoides shrubland and grassland, and 20 species in cropland. Colpodida, Prostomatida and Hypotrichida were the dominant orders, and Homalogastra setosa, Cinetochilum margaritaceum, Nassulida elegans, Sathrophilus muscorum, Euplotes muscicola, and Uroleptus lepisma were the dominant species. The Gleason-Margalef species diversity index in four different habitats was 4.54, 3.55, 4.94, and 2.63, respectively. The study showed that under different soil and vegetation types, the species diversity and community structure of soil ciliates had significant differences, and the community structure of soil ciliates tended to be simplified with increasing human activities.